8 Surefire Signs You Need To Change Careers NOW

8 Surefire Signs You Need To Change Careers NOW It can be scary to change careers, but sometimes it’s the absolute right thing to do. Don’t let yourself get stuck in a career rut. If any of these warning signs apply to you, find yourself a new job STAT. 1. Your weekends are always too short.Everybody’s weekends are too short. But yours are really fraught. You get to the office on Monday and by that same afternoon, you’re counting down the hours until Friday. Then you spend most of your weekend dreading Monday morning. Even Sunday is a waste because you’re so miserable thinking about going back to work.2. You’ve lost your passion.Not everyone can be 100% jazzed about their job at all times. But you’re bordering on burnout. There’s no joy taken in any aspect of your work- even the tasks that used to be enjoyable. You can’t quite remember why you work there anymore. You’ve lost your drive. And now you’re really only there for the money, which probably isnâ⠂¬â„¢t that great anyway, and by no means makes up for the apathy and boredom and pervasive emptiness you feel.3. You feel trapped.It’s precisely when you feel that you can’t get out that you should try your hardest to free yourself. Maybe you’re caught in the trap of losing your motivation because you aren’t being challenged. That vicious cycle will only get worse. You’re eternally bored, which drains your energy, and so on, and so on†¦4. You’re envious of, well, everyone.If you find yourself pining for other people’s career situations, that’s a great sign that there’s something wrong with your own. Clean up your own house. Make sure you’re not looking at other people’s lives, but at your own, and making the changes you need to make. Follow your own big dreams.5. Your health is suffering.Often your body will tell you first when you need to switch jobs. Stress can wreak utter havoc on the body- through bad eating habits, high blood pressure, and even heart attacks. If you’re losing vitality and sleep at a job, or if you have tension headaches, achiness, and fatigue, it’s time to listen to what your body is telling you. Find a way out.6. You have zero work-life balance.Your friends don’t even recognize you anymore. You don’t have any time for family or friends. You’re all stress, all the time. You never do the things that used to bring happiness to your home life. Plus, the people closest to you have noticed a change in you for the worst- either in your appearance or demeanor. You’re constantly worn out and depleted. Time for a makeover for both you and your career.7. Everything is a struggle.Your company culture just makes everything so fraught and unpleasant. You can’t think of a single nice thing to say about your job. You don’t even have a positive relationship with your coworkers where  you can go out and complain abou t it over lunch. You’re a little bit isolated and a lot frustrated.8. You could do better.You’re sure that your talents and abilities could really make a difference somewhere, but they are wasted here. Don’t be too scared to go for your dream career. Chances are, that’s where your passion and creativity lie- and where you’ll actually enjoy going to work each week.

Domestic Violence Against Asian Women Social Work Essay Example

Domestic Violence Against Asian Women Social Work Essay Example Domestic Violence Against Asian Women Social Work Essay Domestic Violence Against Asian Women Social Work Essay This study is based on a Chief Executive Officer with limitless budget to better mental wellness services in London Borough of Ealing. The undermentioned vicinity survey will concentrate on a proposal for alteration to better services. It will concentrate on the alterations necessary in theA services provided for Asiatic Women sing domestic force with mental wellness issues. An apprehension of societal and cultural diverseness will be discussed and their impact on health care. In add-on, these issues will be compared to the London borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. Domestic force has come to the head as an of import issue that affect many people in our society. DH, ( 2005 ) define domestic force as any force, maltreatment or endangering behavior between current or former spouses. It stipulate that any effort to exert control over an intimate spouse or household members irrespective of gender, gender constitutes domestic force ; the force can include physical, psychological, sexual, fiscal and emotional maltreatment. Domestic force can besides include honour base force, female venereal mutilation and force matrimonies. Harmonizing to Home Office, ( 2004 ) , adult females are more likely to go victim of domestic force than work forces ; kids are besides affected and can be traumatised by the incidences they have seen. Research has shown that one in four adult females experience domestic force over their life-time and one in 10 adult females see it yearly and 32 % of kids ( Walby and Allen, 2004 ) . Williamson, ( 2000 ) outlined that cultural minority adult females are good known to be victims of domestic force peculiarly Asians. However ( DH, 2005 ) highlighted that the affects of domestic force can ensue in adult females sing isolation, loss of occupation and income, low ego regard and self worth ; It can take to mental wellness issues in adult females doing the victims to endure from mental wellness jobs including, anxiousness upset, eating upset, depression and ego injury which could take to suicide. Experience of domestic force can besides worsen an bing mental wellness status. Womensaid, ( 2009 ) highlighted that a big figure of adult females accessing mental wellness services have experienced domestic force, and at least 20 % of service users are still sing the maltreatment. It farther suggests that 50 % of Asiatic adult females who have attempted self-destruction or ego injury are subsisters of domestic force. The London Borough of Ealing consists of 23 wards. It is the 3rd largest borough in London with a population of 300,948 of which 151,200 of the occupants are females and 22,200 are of Asiatic background ( Neighbourhood statistics, 2006 ) . When compared to Hammersmith and Fulham borough, they have a population of 165,242 Nationally Domestic Violent rate for Asiatic adult females. However, 58 % of these adult females view themselves to be white British and merely 25 % declares to be Asians ( Ealing Council, 2009 ) ( appendix 1 ) . The motive for this proposed alteration is necessary as services for cultural minority adult females sing domestic force in assorted countries in the state are under-funded or non-existence ( Williamson, 2000 ) . Mainstreaming Gender and Women s Mental Health ( DH, 2002 ) place experiences of force and maltreatment as a nucleus subject in adult females s mental wellness troubles. Today s mental wellness system manages diagnosing and accepts long-run disablement accordingly offering a label as an account for enduring alternatively of allowing service users to portion their narratives, experiences and their feelings. The degree of domestic force amongst adult females has increased significantly in Ealing Borough. Recent figures revealed that Ealing is the 9th highest borough for describing domestic force between April 2007 to January 2008 Ealing Council ( 2009 ) . It was highlighted that 41 % of reported instances were of white European whereas the 2nd highest reported instances were from Asiatic background ( see appendix 3 ) . It was besides suggested that domestic force is the highest offense reported nationally to the constabulary, and 89 % of domestic force victims are adult females ( Ealing Council, 2009 ) . The cost of domestic force on the UK economic system is tremendous ; recent figures reported to be ?23 billion yearly for the UK and ?280 million for London Borough of Ealing severally ( Ealing Council, 2009 ) . Furthermore, it is estimated that on mean adult females are assaulted 35 times before they report to the constabulary nevertheless ; most adult females do non describe and endure in silence. This may be due to the psychological province known as beat-up adult females syndrome identified by ( Walker, 2000 ) in which the victim feels powerless to alter the state of affairs. Baggot ( 2004 ) argued that cultural minority groups are faced with poorer wellness conditions than the remainder of the population ; people from certain cultural background may be denied timely entree to healthcare or offered lower criterions of attention than the remainder of the population. 55 % of Ealing s population is predominately cultural minority groups. The entire South Asiatic population in Ealing is 41 % compared to 24.7 % in the borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. This important difference in cultural profile has a cardinal impact on the overall wellness of the community. Harmonizing to Kandola A ; Fullerton ( 1998 ) , diverseness is the difference in cultural beginning, faith and other factors which cause people to hold different positions on the same set of facts or issues. The civilization amongst Asiatic communities makes it hard for married adult females to unwrap that they are victims of domestic force ; dislocation of matrimonies is frequently seen as the adult females s mistake hence they are likely to be rejected by household members and their community. It is culturally accepted that adult females should be abuse accordingly going victims of domestic force. Additionally, Some Asiatic adult females may be capable to in-migration control. This can act upon their determination to take action against their hubbies because of exile from the UK. Furthermore, most of these adult females do non talk English and finds it hard to pass on. Women s National Commission, ( 2009 ) study outlined that many of the victims are of insecure in-migration position, holding limited leave or no leave to stay within the state and are hence capable to no resort to public financess hence are unable to obtain province benefits, therefore restricting their entree to services, societal lodging, legal advice and support. Ealing Council, ( 2009 ) study, emphasised that presently Ealing has merely two organisations offering exigency adjustment services. These services are limited as there are merely 18 grownup bed topographic points, the topographic points available for reding and protagonism services do non hold equal staff to supply support to suit the figure of victims identified by the Council. ( WHO, ( 1997 ) cited in DH, ( 2006 ) states that force against adult females is a public wellness issue which could be prevented. The Department of Health published a manual aimed at health care professionals in 2000 who contacted victims of domestic force ; the intent was to concentrate on the demand to handle vulnerable adult females with compassionate and holistic attack. These sentiments were echoed by the participants of two studies who identified the defects in their intervention as being deficiency of protagonism and follow up intercessions. An person s ethnicity and cultural group remain utile points for understanding the motivations behind domestic force and the impact it has on their mental wellness. It can be argued that go toing to the specific demands and conditions of Asiatic adult females by supplying integrated culturally and gender-sensitive services high spots good pattern. Hence, it becomes of import that the person s perceptual experiences of ego attention are identified in the context of their civilization. Addressing issues of domestic force in relation to mental wellness, wellness inequalities and other societal jobs which lead most adult females to societal disadvantages would be easy addressed. APPENDIX 1 The tabular array below gives an indicant of the different offenses in the borough of Ealing and the UK National Average. Of the offenses committed force against the individual is the highest in the borough. Ealing Council English Average Population 305,000 Families 121,000 Violence against the individual 25.0 15.0 Sexual offenses 1.0 0.9 Robbery offenses 4.4 1.0 Burglary home offenses 9.1 4.3 Larceny of a motor vehicle offenses 3.4 2.3 Larceny from a vehicle offenses 11.6 6.3 Beginning: Ealing Council, ( 2009 ) . APPENDIX 2 The diagram below gives an analytical dislocation of ethnicity for domestic force victims in the Borough Ealing. It shows that 41 % were of white European beginning. The highest of all the cultural groups as defined by constabularies were those of Asiatic backgrounds at 28 % and thirdly Afro-Caribbean groups with 22 % .

Color of my personality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Color of my personality - Essay Example In recent times, psychologists have pointed out that hereditary factors being more central specifically for personality traits like emotional tones. Nevertheless, acquisition of values, beliefs and expectations seem more ascribed due to the socialization process and early childhood experiences. The green persona is straightforward and does things right for a fast time. They like a neat surrounding, therefore, keep everything in order. They are the most creative and rely heavily on their intuitions. They spend most of their time articulating and discovering new ideas thus embrace the brainstorming sessions since it involves coming up with new ideas. Moreover, the mental impediments that deter other personality colors do not restrict them. Consequently, the combination of their creative nature and absence of mental deterrents prompts the establishment of opportunities and solutions that meets needs of every participant. They are agents of change in the society though they seek it in a more peaceful environment unlike the yellows that are not collaborative. The greens are proponents of growth and prosperity (DiTullio,

1.Indirect Investing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

1.Indirect Investing - Research Paper Example Such investment points towards the fact that the investors are investing in a product whose performance to a certain extent is linked with the performance of the property. The example of indirect investing is purchasing units in the property funds, purchasing shares in any of the property company that is publicly quoted and contributing to any pension plant that has a property in its portfolio (Indirect Property Investments). Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITS): These are considered to be the public property companies that are primarily listed on Stock Exchange. The investors buy shares in these companies that may be traded through the investor’s stock broker. The examples of such public companies are Great Portland Estate, Land Securities and Derwent London plc. The Land Securities is one of UK’s largest property companies that invest in almost all the classes and types of properties present across the country. However on the other hand Derwent London plc only invests in property present in Central London and that too mostly in offices. Unit Trusts: There are several other means of indirectly investing in property. These means may take several other forms that are suited for a number of investors. Some examples of unit trusts are mentioned below: The authorized and unauthorized investment funds can be further divided into open and close ended funds. The open ended funds are the ones which do not have a definite life span, which means that they may go on forever and their units can be traded in the open market. The example of Open ended funds is Standard Life Property Income Unit Trust. The close ended funds may have a definite life span, for instance 10 years. After this duration the property is sold and the unit holders are paid out. The example of Close Ended Funds is Schroders WELput Unit Trust. The investment in office property present in London will come to an end in the year 2023, after selling the whole

Specific events over the past years that have affected the stock Essay

Specific events over the past years that have affected the stock market - Essay Example Prices remain steady and predictable and investors are confident in the market remaining steady. Markets respond to changes in the economy and a major change in the economy often results in major shifts in the stock market. Market crashes are precipitate by something occurring within the economy or war (or the threat of war). The stock market (New York Stock Exchange) responds to changes by gaining value or losing value. Markets losing value are not good. Changes in the economy can be real or perceived (the belief that something bad is going to happen). The NYSE (New York Stock Exchange) has responded in the past to changes (some perceived, some real) in the economic environment. Careful study of the stock markets since 1900 shows several events that affected the markets. Crashes in the market were swift and often lasted more than a year before the markets recovered. The most recent stock market crash was from January of 2000 to October 2002. During this time frame the markets were affected by the bursting of the 'tech bubble'. A lot of small '.com' start-ups went out of business and their investors incurred great losses. Also, during this time frame the twin towers were toppled by a terrorist attack (September 11th 2001). The instability this caused was reflected in market performance. The market dropped 37.8% before it recovered. According to Brenda Spotten, Associate Professor ... other symptoms of financial instability may adversely affect the real economy if they impair the ability of the financial markets to provide funds and hence transfer command over resources."(Spotten, B p1) In essence, a perceived inefficiency in the market can affect the economy and vice versa. Recently another 'bubble' burst. The housing market currently is in a slump. Good advice for investors would be to not invest in trendy new investments like 'tech bubble' start-ups. Investing in funds that are market resistant (such as a diversified fund) would provide some protection from market instability. Changes in the Federal Reserve lending rate can cause ripples in financial markets. Sometimes investors watch closely when the Federal Reserve changes interest rates for overnight lending (for banks). In 2004 investors were relieved when then Chairman, Alan Greenspan, raised the interest rate by 2.5%.(Ip, G p1) The markets continued to remain stable. Between November of 1973 and December of 1974 the market lost 45% of its value before recovering. During this time frame the Vietnam campaign was winding down. The retreat of American forces from Vietnam and the Watergate investigation had the affect of reducing consumer confidence in the market. Going back further in history finds another stock market crash that was the result of events in history. During 1939 and 1942 the United States grappled with entering World War Two. During this time frame the stock market lost 40% of its value. The attack on Pearl Harbor cemented the United States' entry into the war. As wartime production increased, the markets recovered. Prior to the United States' commitment to the war, politics, and fear of war, fueled the market crash during this period. The early American

Interpreting Literature By Means Of Psychoanalysis English Literature Essay

Interpreting Literature By Means Of Psychoanalysis English Literature Essay Psychological criticism is a way of interpreting literature by means of psychoanalysis, a form of interpretation developed by Dr. Sigmund Freud. In the practice of psychoanalysis, Freud attempted to understand the interaction of the conscious and unconscious mind. He believed that repressed conflicts and fears could be uncovered by having the patient speak freely and openly so that the listener may decipher hidden meanings and motives the patient might be unaware of. Much of his most famous hypotheses focus on the realm of the unconscious mind and how it goes about manifesting itself. Similarly, the role of psychological criticism is to attempt to analyze and draw conclusions from suppressed desires, conflicts, and fears within the realm of the unconscious of the characters, author, or even the reader of the piece of literature. This form of criticism can easily be applied to William Faulkners A Rose for Emily, a short story about the decaying life of Miss Emily Grierson as seen thro ugh the perspective of the town she lives in. Devastated by the loss of her father, Emily keeps herself isolated from everyone in the community except for Homer Barron, whom she later kills and holds on to in a last act of holding on to the past. To better understand Emily Griersons isolation from a psychological perspective, we must take a look at the underlying motivations within her character. Such motivations, can be discovered from many aspects of the story such as the setting and the relationship that Emily has between her late father and the entire community. Emilys isolation can also be seen in her behavior of avoidance and denial. The shot story  ¿Ã‚ ½A Rose for Emily ¿Ã‚ ½ takes place in a small town in the deep south shortly after the Civil War. Miss Emily came from the Grierson family, a noble, upper-class family from the time. She  ¿Ã‚ ½had been a tradition, a duty, a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town ¿Ã‚ ½ showing that she had noblesse oblige and she intended to keep it that way. The neighborhood that she lived in was quickly changing, where  ¿Ã‚ ½only Miss Emilys house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps ¿Ã‚ ½an eyesore among eyesores. ¿Ã‚ ½ While the town had progressed and modernized as most towns at the time did due to the change in ideals from the old generation to the new one, Miss Emily stagnated. In fact, she refused to change her ways at all.  ¿Ã‚ ½When the town got free postal delivery Miss Emily alone refused to let them fasten metal numbers above her door and attach a mailbox to it. She would not l isten to them. ¿Ã‚ ½ The house she lives in is old and run-down, and is a displacement for the state Miss Emily is in. It has stayed the same for many years, and so has she, which is the way she wants it. However, by doing so she separates herself from the community. This is our first glimpse, as the reader, of Emilys isolation. At this point in the story, the reader is left unaware why Miss Emily chooses update and modernize her house. It quickly becomes apparent that it must have something to do with her relationship with her father. Emily and her father have a relationship that is only briefly mentioned, but there is an obvious complication that later manifests itself throughout the rest of Emilys life. Even though Emily is described as being very beautiful when she was younger, her father would drive away any suitor who came to court his daughter. This, in a way, shows a sort of revers oedipal conflict where the father is trying to compete against possible husbands for Emilys love and attention. A possible clue for her fathers actions is that the mother is not there and ,in fact, is never mentioned in the story at all which leads the reader to assume that young Emily is the only woman in his life. The narrator of the story, that is, the people of the community, paint a description of their father-daughte r relationship; Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background and her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip.This description displays the idea that Emily is just a back drop to her father and his unconscious motive to keep his daughter close to him and him only. Her being in the back shows that she is being protected from suitors that are unworthy in her fathers eye. Also the whip that is holding may be interpreted as a phallic symbol signifying that he is the patriarch and will fight off anyone that wants to change that. Even so, Emily does not put up a fight but, rather, is submissive to her fathers wishes. She actually enjoys her fathers chasing away of men because, in a way, it brings her closer to her father and strengthens their relationship. This can be explained psychoanalytically as females can only gain identities in stories if they identify with a father figure. Even though young Emily is desperately trying to gain an identity, she is ignorant to the fact that by doing so she is creating a lifestyle of isolation that could only be made worse with the passing of Mr. Grierson. After her fathers death and without any other close family, Emily quickly realizes that she is now alone and isolated. She could not cope with this grim fact and instead turned to denial. When the ladies of the town came to offer their condolences,  ¿Ã‚ ½Miss Emily met them at the door , dressed as usual and with no trace of grief on her face. She told them that her father was not dead. ¿Ã‚ ½ She could not grasp the fact that with the loss of her father came the loss of her female identity and instead represses the idea as she stayed barricaded in her house for a  ¿Ã‚ ½long time ¿Ã‚ ½. The next time she is seen  ¿Ã‚ ½her hair was cut short, making her look like a girl ¿Ã‚ ½. Its quite obvious that at this point she is trying to live in the past to cope with her isolation. The cutting of her hair shows that she is unconsciously trying to go back to a place in her mind where her father is still alive and she is still a girl living under his rule. Shortly after, however, she is seen with Homer Barron,  ¿Ã‚ ½a Yankee ¿Ã‚ ½a big, dark, ready man ¿Ã‚ ½. Her infatuation with Homer was not that of romance as the townspeople thought, rather she was only displacing the idea of her father onto Homer. The only way she could have her father back and for everything to be how it was, Miss Emily must marry Homer; or at least that is what she believed. Her relationship with Homer was not meant to be because Homer was actually a homosexual. The story alludes to this with phallic symbols such as,  ¿Ã‚ ½his hat cocked and a cigar in his teeth ¿Ã‚ ½. When Emily discovers this fact she, again, is in denial. Her last chance of living in the past rushes away in an instant. So instead of letting go of Homer, she again tries to hold on to the past, more successfully this time, by poisoning Homer Barron and holding on to his body, a final act of desperation to save herself from isolation. With Homers body in her possession, she is no longer isolated in her mind. She has her displaced father back but it is different this time; now she is the provider of the duo, or in other words, she has now taken the role of the father. Because of this new found identity her character actually begins to drastically change.  ¿Ã‚ ½She had grown fat and her hair was [ ¿Ã‚ ½] that vigorous iron-gray, like the hair of an active man. ¿Ã‚ ½ This physical change in her appearance signifies that she has now become patriarch of the so-called family. But she is still incomplete in her role because Homer, who has now been dead for some time, cannot ever identify with Miss Emily. So once again, Emily is left isolated by her own accord and she remains this way until the day she dies. In conclusion, by using a psychoanalytic approach to analyze William Faulkners A Rose for Emily, many overlooked details paint an overall theme of isolation in the short story. Her old deteriorating house is a stand in for Emilys mental condition and unwillingness to change. Father daughter issues are prevalent in the story and end up determining the fate of Miss Emily. Devastated over the discovery that her displaced father figure, Homer Barron, is a homosexual she poisons him and denies his death while she holds on to his body, much like she did with her father, in an attempt to live in the past. In the end of her life, Miss Emily is isolated in world of her own creation where she lives in the past and desperately tries to hold on to the present.

Critical Review of the Andromeda Strain Essay -- Novels War Violence E

Critical Review of the Andromeda Strain Imagine walking into a town that normally populates 48 vivacious residents, and discovering 46 non-moving non-living bodies. There are no guns, no bombs, and no visible pre-manufactured weapons of any sort. A few minutes later death strikes, observations can no longer be made, and a black curtain falls. This is what happened to two Army recovery personnel in the town of Piedmont, Arizona (population 48). They set off to retrieve SCOOP VII, a military satellite sent to bring back alien microorganisms. The satellite did its’ job, it brought back a microorganism; something its six predecessors were not able to do. The microorganism SCOOP VII brought back was lethal, killing almost everybody in its’ path, except an old anemic man and a crying infant. Four specialized scientists: Jeremy Stone, Charles Burton, Mark Hall, and Peter Leavitt; are plucked from their everyday lives and placed in the secret building of Project Wildfire, located in Nevada. The five-floored facility was built entirely underground, with each floor more sterile than the one above. Here the four scientists work with the microorganism, now code named â€Å"Andromeda strain.† They try to discover how the agent kills, what it is composed of, where it came from, and why those two civilians survived. The scientists conclude their work on the fifth floor, when disaster strikes. A seal is broken which sets off an automatic nuclear explosio...

Models of decision making Essay

When we speak of rational behavior, we should remember that our focus in this discussion is not on making decisions, but rather on how to support the process of making decisions. Managers are change agents, not just decision makers, so the steps before and after a decision are as important as the actual choice of action. Preparatory steps include creating tension for change, understanding the positions of the various constituencies, and developing political support for a chosen action. Steps after the decision include naming the change monitor and identifying the monitoring methods. Therefore, the mission of good information system is broader than just collecting data to make a choice. Designers of information systems must understand not only how managers think but also how the decision process will be implemented in the managers’ environment. An information system that is well design is an information system that is used. Thus, an information system, in order to be useful, must be implemented. To understand the implementation process better, we review three models of organizational decision making rational, administrative, and political. The Rational Model. The rational model of decision making was introduced earlier in this chapter. It is based on the logic of optimal choice: the choice that would maximize value for the organization. The manager is assumed to be an objective, totally informed person who would select the most efficient alternative, maximizing whatever amount and type of output s/he values. We can summarize the rational choice process as follows: 1. An individual is confronted with a number of known alternative courses of action. 2. Each alternative bears a set of possible consequences. These consequences are known and are quantifiable. 3. The individual has a system of preferences or utilities that permits him or her to rank the consequences and choose an alternative. There is no empirical support for the contention that these three phases are actually used. In reality, managers seldom have the time or money to analyze all alternatives or envision all consequences. If rationality were ever-present among members of an organization, the organization would appear as a coherent and rational  policy-making entity that maximizes the attainment of a unique set of goals and has no internal conflicts. In other words, a rational decision process implies a rational organization. A rational organization is an organization that has (1) centralized power, (2) harmony and consistency of goals across boundaries, and (3) members who are objective, fully informed, and inclined to choose alternatives that maximize the common good of the organization. The rational model represents a sanitized vision of how organizations make decisions. In reality, organizations often seem more like complex groups of coalitions fighting for shares of limited resources, and using multiple sources of information with varying reliability to achieve a set of fluid goals. Individuals within organizations typically have widely divergent perceptions and goals and act to maximize their own gains, not necessarily those of the organization. Because of this disparity between the rational model and reality, we prefer to accept the rational model primarily as a benchmark for comparing the remaining two organization decision-making processes. In searching for a more realistic description of how organizations make decisions, we turn to the satisficing, or administrative, model. The Administrative Model. The quest for a more realistic description of organization decision making produced a variation called the administrative model. This model sees decision makers as people with varying degrees of motivation who are besieged by demands but have little time to make decisions and thus seek shortcuts to find acceptable solutions. Under the administrative model, a decision maker does not try to optimize but instead â€Å"satisfices† treats objectives as loose constraints that can tighten if there are many acceptable alternatives that fulfill those constraints. While optimization would require choosing the alternative with the highest value, satisficing requires finding the first alternative with an acceptable value, that is, an alternative with a value above a minimally acceptable level on a given constraint. Assume you had a car you wanted to sell. If you listed your car for $2,500 and had 10 offers, you could choose with either method. With the rational method, you would determine which offer had the highest value in terms of conditions and price. With the satisficing model, you would accept the first offer that met your lowest acceptable price. Satisficing may lead to a reduced decision quality, but it saves time and effort. Satisficing is a dynamic construct: the aspiration levels of the manager and the number of alternatives determine what is a â€Å"feasible, good enough solution.† It has been pointed out that satisficing is an appropriate (i.e., rational) strategy when the cost of delaying a decision or searching for further alternatives is high in relation to the expected payoff of the supposedly superior alternative. When you take into consideration the costs related to extended search, it is questionable whether the optimum procedure is to search for the optimum value. When a decision has been reached and the solution to the problem implemented and found to be acceptable, then the organization institutionalizes the procedure used to solve the problem into astandard operating procedure (SOP). SOPs are rules, programs, and routines that are invoked by managers to gain time and to avoid the task of solving a problem from scratch each times it appears. Sometimes managers invoke those SOPs when the organization is facing a similar but not identical problem to the one that the SOP originally solved. Since SOPs are often processes that worked once but nobody is quite sure why or whether it was the best way to solve the original problem in the first place. SOPs are not always the time-savers they are supposed to be. Once implication of having rationally bounded decision makers in organizations is that organizations cannot be seen as single entities. Rather, problems are broken down and assigned to specialized units within the organization that develop their own priorities and goals. These goals, sometimes termed subgoals, may not agree with the organization’s overall goals. This phenomenon has been called local rationality.3 Using the perspective, organizations could be viewed as constellations of loosely allied units, each having a set of SOPs and programs to deal with its piece of the problem. As time passes, these units become more distinct and their subgoals more entrenched. These divergences are enhanced by increasingly distinct perceptions of priorities, information, and uncertainty; they are further reinforced by recruitment, rewards, and tenure. When these tendencies are very strong, the loose alliance of organization units breaks down into â€Å"organized anarchies.† In the extreme case, coalitions are created with conflicting interests. This leads us to the political model of rationality. You should note that the term political does not imply that this model is only relevant in the public  (government) sector; rather the term applies to a type of organization that may exist in any industry or industry sector. The Political Model. In contrast to the rational model, players in the political model (often referred to as incrementalists) do not focus on a single issue but on many intraorganizational problems that reflect their personal goals. In contrast to the administrative model, the political model does not assume that decisions result from applying existing standard operating procedures, programs, and routines. Decisions result from bargaining among coalitions. Unlike in the previous models, power is decentralized. This concept of decision making as a political process emphasizes the natural multiplicity of goals, values, and interests in a complex environment. The political model views decision making as a process of conflict resolution and consensus building and decisions as products of compromise. The old adage, â€Å"Scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours,† is the dominant decision-making strategy. When a problem requires a change n policy, the political model predicts that a manager will consider a few alternatives, all of them similar to existing policy. This perspective points out that decisions tend to be incremental— that managers make small changes in response to immediate pressures instead of working out a clear set of plans and a comprehensive program. This incrementalist approach can be seen as the simplest or most extreme form of satisficing. The incremental approach of the political model allows managers to reduce the time spent on the information search and problem definition stages. Incremental decision making is geared to address shortcomings in present policy rather than consider a superior, but novel, course of action. In the political model, the stakeholders have different perception, priorities, and solutions. Because stakeholders have the power to veto some proposals, no policy that harms a powerful stakeholder is likely to triumph even if it is objectively â€Å"optimal.† Our purpose in reviewing these models of organizational decision making is to highlight the realities of decision making that must be recognized when developing or acquiring information systems. If the designer of an I/S assumes that the rational model is a valid representation of the way a given organization is being managed when in fact the political model is a more valid description, s/he may encounter serious implementation  problems. For example, access to information can be very sensitive issue, since in politics, â€Å"information is power.† If managers discover that once a new information system is implemented they will no longer have access to certain data, it is quite possible they will resist the implementation effort. When we consider the issue of organizational decision making, it is important to recognize that the structure of the organization has a strong influence on how and when information is communicated and who gets involved in what decisions. We now turn our attention to the issue of organizational structure.

Civil Inattention essays

Civil Inattention essays Every time we enter a public place we engage in some sort of social interaction. This is a part of our everyday life. Certain public settings are even created for the sole purpose of social interaction. The Study Hall bar in Isla Vista is one such place. Most people go to this bar to get drunk, and to interact with friends or among the unacquainted. Throughout my many visits to the Study Hall, I observed multiple kinds of social transmissions. These interactions between bar patrons varied from positive to negative discussions and were influenced by not only gender but social status also. In the following pages to come I will discuss and analyze social interactions between certain individuals and analytically breakdown some of the conversations that were occurring during my visits. The following analysis will explain what sorts of interactions take place inside of a bar, and will examine the effects that alcohol has on a person engaging in conversation with the known and unkno wn. Many concepts will be used to explain and analyze the social transmissions at the Study Hall. After observing many different situations and interactions at the bar, I was able to apply concepts that were used in lecture and throughout the readings. I will begin by analyzing the forming of a relationship and work all the way into breaking down the actual conversation itself which all occurred at the Study Hall. The process begins with an initial interaction between two individuals who are meeting for the first time. Civil Inattention and Anonymous Relationships It begins with a young male coming to the bar to meet his friends to watch a game. As he enters, a female sitting at a table with two other women notices him. As he passed, he glanced at the table of girls at which time female #1 (the girl who first noticed him) happily made eye contact with him and gave a little smile. It would only be a matter of time before the two would en...

Intercultural Communication in Bend It Like Beckham essays

Intercultural Communication in Bend It Like Beckham essays Bend it Like Beckham is about a young Indian woman named Jessminder who struggles between being herself and doing what she loves and pleasing her family and their traditional values. Jesss parents want her to lead a traditional life and learn to cook, work on her education, and get married like her sister. They dont like her playing soccer, which Jess not only loves to do, but is also very talented at. When Jess is discovered by another local female soccer player, Jules, and asked to play on their local girls team, she knows her parents will never accept this as part of her life. However, Jess decides to lie to her parents and secretly join the team in order to pursue her love of soccer. The film is full of so many examples of intercultural communication; it was actually hard to focus on a specific area. However, one of the aspects in the film I found especially interesting was the culture clash between Jesss very traditional parents and extended family compared to the very modern London, England, where they lived. I realized later after studying the film in greater detail that several characters within the movie experience their own culture clash and adapt and change in their own ways. In the essay The Role of Family and Macrocultures in Intercultural Relationships by Carley H. Dodd and John R. Baldwin, the authors explain that it has traditionally been believed that a culture is made up of large groups of people that share the same way of life, such as a specific ethnic group or members of the same country. However, many scholars now believe that any size group can share a way of life, and for that group, this becomes a culture (Dodd and Baldwin, 335). This was evident to me as I witnessed not only Jesss family adapt to their changing environment, but Jess herself adapt and accept the soccer player way of life, and also Jules mother Paula as she...

Biodiversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Biodiversity - Research Paper Example On a more lofty plane of analysis, proponents of biotechnology, laud it as a triumph of human innovation, an example of humankind’s superior knowledge over other organisms in the eco-system. Some even argue that â€Å"sustainable agriculture is possible only with biotechnology and imaginative chemistry.† (Schneiderman and Carpenter, 1990). Environmental advocates, on the other hand, warn of the hazards of biotechnology on biodiversity and other life-forms. For example, environmentalists assert that the corn that is keeping pests away is also killing the Monarch butterfly. According to Wilson (1992), â€Å"the race is on to develop methods, to draw more income from the wildlands without killing them, and so to give the invisible hand of the free market a green thumb.† the central debate that underpins the biotechnology discourse: balancing the WTO principles on liberalization and the environmental concerns of biotechnology. To quote Herdegen (2010): Biotechnology on the international level, is covered by the said Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs), which build their judicial content upon a precautionary approach. On the other hand, WTO trade law is deemed to focus on the abolition of trade barriers and the combating of protectionism and unjustified discrimination. Therefore there is a potential for conflict between trade law and MEAs, especially in the field of biotechnology. It is this conflict that has made the crafting of an international legal framework for biotechnology so fraught with tensions, and the road to Cartagena so bumpy. The proposal for the international regulation of biotechnology was spawned by a 1986 incident, wherein the United States tested a genetically-modified rabies vaccine in Argentina, without having informed, much less obtained consent, from the Argentine government. This raised fears that with without an international legal framework for biotechnology, developed countries would use developing countries as laboratories, thus putting citizens of the latter at great risk. (Gupta, 2000: 24). There was a pre-existing Convention on Biological Diversity that could be used to serve as a framework for the creation of a convention particularly and specifically addressing biotechnology concerns and issues. Article 8 of the CBD called on Parties to â€Å"establish or maintain means to regulate, manage or control the risks associated with the use and release of living modified organisms resulting from biotechnology which are likely to have adverse environmental impacts that could affect the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, taking also into account the risks to human health.† On the basis of Article 8, the parties to the Convention decided to form a working group to hammer out a protocol acceptable by all. Delegates from 170 nations locked heads in Cartagena to work through the contentious issues being raised and the various points of divergence between nations and stake holders. In a press release by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) in 1999, Klaus Toepfer, executive director of the program, was quoted as saying: â€Å"we need a widely accepted protocol that protects the environment, strengthens the capacity of developing countries to ensure biosafety, complements existing national regulations, and promotes public confidence in biotechnology and all the benefits it can offer.† This, however, proved to be easier said than done. Countries from Europe and from the developing world found themselves forming an

Network Infrastructure Basics in the LAB Assignment

Network Infrastructure Basics in the LAB - Assignment Example The most important thing about this standard is that there is no backward compatibility it supports. I installed this card in the PCI slot of the motherboard of the PC and completed my LAB. In this LAB (6.2.4) requirement was to set up a wireless environment in by installing a high-speed wireless card in PC and a wireless access device in LAPTOP which is without a wireless built-in wireless adaptor (Habraken, 2003). Another thing to check here was to set up a device so that it can be accessed by any other wireless adaptor. So I used the following devices from the available ones according to the standards given in the LAB 6.2.2 (Wireless Standard Facts). After completing this LAB I have found that 802.11n standard is fastest amongst all the others (802.11a/b/g), with data rate up to 600 Mbps at 2.4 GHz frequency 802.11n promises significantly higher speed and range. It also includes backward compatibility with 802.11 a/b/g (Labsim). In this LAB (6.2.4) it was required to set up a high-speed wireless environment just to transfer files between LAPTOP and computer at very high speed and not to install an extra device. LAPTOP already has a built-in wireless network adaptor. After reviewing LAB 6.2.2 (Wireless Standard Facts) and amongst the given adaptors I choose 802.11b/g adapter. There were many other devices also available in this LAB including an access point. I installed the 802.11b/g wireless adapter on the computer. As per the Wireless Standards, Facts 802.11g operates at 2.4 GHz at speeds up to 54 Mbps. With just the wireless adapter installed, you can create an ad hoc wireless network and connect directly to the laptop to transfer files (Saha, Mukherjee, & Bandyopadhyay, 2003).