Personal Savings and Insurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Criminal Justice Discussion2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Criminal Justice Discussion2 - Essay Example e judge liable for the case can comprehend the occasions of that day by viewing the video since the criminal wouldn't like to consent to the allegations (Garland 20). The one affronted then again had kicked the bucket subsequently making that to be the main accessible proof. The proof can be permitted as it obviously demonstrates what had occurred on that day. The issue could be the individual to demonstrate reality behind the tape as the lady was dead. This demonstrates the case can't be canceled on the grounds that the casualty is dead however it can even now go on so as to discover reality with the little proof accessible (Garland 20). With the present innovation, the observers don't need to be available face to face so as to demonstrate their case right however the court can utilize the accessible proof and contend from it. This will fill in as an essential advance in bringing the open certainty up in the legitimate area. It is in this manner right if the courts proceeded to denounce the casualty utilizing the

What an Alcohol Use Disorder Diagnosis Means

What an Alcohol Use Disorder Diagnosis Means Addiction Alcohol Use Print What an Alcohol Use Disorder Diagnosis Means By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 27, 2019 Jack Andersen / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery There really is no official diagnosis of alcoholism. The condition that has long been termed alcoholism is technically called severe alcohol use disorder, according to the May 2013 publication of the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSMâ€"5) by the American Psychiatric Association.  With the DSM-5, if a person exhibits two or more symptoms from a list of 11 criteria, they are diagnosed as having an alcohol use disorder, with classifications of mild, moderate, and severe.?? The  DSM-IV (published in 1994) likewise had no alcoholism diagnosis but instead described two distinct disordersâ€"alcohol abuse and alcohol dependenceâ€"with specific criteria for each diagnosis.  The  DSM-5 combines those two disorders into one alcohol use disorder with sub-classifications of severity.?? Alcohol Use Disorder Severity When a person is diagnosed with alcohol use disorder, the severity of the condition is determined by the number of symptoms they have.Mild: 2-3 symptoms presentModerate: 4-5 symptoms presentSevere: 6 or more symptoms present Although there is a lot of overlap between the criteria (list of symptoms) used by the DSM-IV and the DSM-5, there are two significant changes. The DSM-5 eliminates having legal problems as a result of drinking as a criterion for diagnosis but adds craving for alcohol as a criterion. Symptoms Listed in DSM-5 The DSM-5 lists 11 symptoms that can be used to determine if someone has an alcohol use disorder.?? Alcohol is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended.There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control alcohol use.A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain alcohol, use alcohol, or recover from its effects.Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use alcohol.Recurrent alcohol use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home.Continued alcohol use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of alcohol.Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of alcohol use.Recurrent alcohol use in situations in which it is physically hazardous.Alcohol use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by alcohol.Tolerance, as defined by either of the following: a) A need for markedly increased amounts of alcohol to achieve intoxication or desired effect, or b) A markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of alcohol.Withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following: a) The characteristic withdrawal syndrome for alcohol b) Alcohol (or a closely related substance, such as a benzodiazepine) is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms. The Different Types of Alcohol Use Disorders DSM-5 Draws Some Criticism The criteria of diagnosing alcohol use disorder came under some criticism because, under the DSM-5, any college student who occasionally engaged in binge drinking and admitting to craving a cold beer once in a while could be diagnosed with the disorder and labeled an alcoholic. Likewise, if tolerance and withdrawal symptoms are the only two necessary  factors required for someone to be diagnosed, then anyone drinking a couple of glasses of wine with dinner each evening will have measurable and noticeable tolerance and withdrawal. It won’t be present to the extent of causing significant dysfunction, but it will be quite evident on exam, according to Dr. Stuart Gitlow, addiction psychiatrist and past president of the American Society of Addiction Medicine. That person now has a mild alcohol use disorder.?? Why the DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder Diagnosis is Controversial

An Analysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House - 2155 Words

Lisa Agans Dr. Jackson English Writing 301 November 19, 2014 True Identities The title of the play A Doll House, written by Henrik Ibsen, tells us a lot about the main characters in this play. Ibsen wrote this play around the time when husbands and wives had specific roles in society and were very limited on what they could do. Women would have to marry rich, cook, clean,take care of the children, and avoid dealing with life situations. The man’s job was to work, put food on the table, and a roof over their head. This story is focused on a family that looks perfect on the outside but once you step through the door, it’s a tangled web of secrets. So first we are introduced to Nora Helmer, the wife and mother of the family. Nora has a†¦show more content†¦Ibsen’s theme is focused on finding yourself and becoming who you want to be, no matter what society says you re supposed to be. Many characters reveal their true identities in the play, but Nora shows the greatest transition. The title is a perfect way to describe Nora in this play. In the first act Nora acts as a doll. Dolls don’t contain minds or emotions, they just do whatever you tell them to do. One just uses a doll to play with and use for entertainment. The owner of the doll usually likes to be in control which is why they have a toy figure. Torvald is the owner in this case and talks to her and treats her in a derogatory way. He calls her things such as, â€Å"my little lark†, â€Å"my squirrel†, â€Å"my dear little Nora†, and â€Å"my little songbird†. Notice that most have â€Å"little† in front of the name which implies he is talking down to her, as if she was a little girl. Another way of Torvald treating Nora like a child is when he gives her money. As Torvald asks Nora why she looks so sad, he begins to pull his wallet out almost flaunting it and teasing her. This is very similar to the relationship of a father and a daughter. Nora’s smile gets really big and he obviously gives her the money. This also shows the ownership that Torvald has over Nora, controlling all of the money. Now Torvald thinks that Nora is a â€Å"spendthrift†, but Nora really is a pennysaver and uses the rest of the money to pay off the debt. There are a few things that

The Impact Of Hip Hop Music On America - 1491 Words

As furthest back that we can recall, there was Africa. It is from Africa that all of today’s Black American music whether it be Jazz, Rhythm and Blues Soul or Electro music etc., is either indirectly or directly descended from all African culture and tradition. Today, Hip-hop music in America is generally considered to have been pioneered out of New York s South Bronx in the early 1970’s by a Jamaican-born DJ Herc. By the time mid-1970s, New York s hip-hop gained wide-spread popularity and the scene was dominated by seminal turn-tablists DJs Grandmaster Flash, Herc and Afrika Bambaataa. The rappers of a group named â€Å"Sugarhill Gang† produced hip-hop s first commercially successful hit, Rapper†¦show more content†¦Hip Hop is more than just music, it is a culture. Over the past three nearly four decades, Hip Hop has influenced and uplifted Black America, speaking out for generations of families whilst providing a voice to a group of people trying to d eliver a message both politically and therapeutically and some may say at times also very controversially. It was viewed as â€Å"street language† or â€Å"ghetto† due to its harsh language, associations with explicit sex, alcohol, gambling, street gang violence, drugs, and even prostitution. During the uprising of Hip Hop there was a marked rapid increase in street violence and drug use known as the â€Å"Crack era† during the late 80’s and early 90’s as some say it was the directly influenced by Hip Hop music . Marked at times as retaliation toward law enforcement, most Hip Hop songs and that time was focused on the unfairness and inequality of Black Americans amongst American society. Heavily criticized in the 1980 s, Hip-Hop still managed to enter mainstream in the 1990 s and by the early 2000 s, it was the mainstream music genre replacing the likes of more contemporary music. By constantly

Goal Write Up Free Essays

Alex used the concept of â€Å"theory of constraints (TCO)† and new set of measurements and goals with the help of his mentor, Joana, to find constraints or bottlenecks in his plant. Joana defined bottleneck as any resource whose capacity is equal to or less then the demand placed upon it. This paper analyzes Argon’s actions in The Goal with respect to the changes and tools that are available today and how the availability of newer tools in the manufacturing area might have affected the choices and priorities on which Ergo is focused. We will write a custom essay sample on Goal Write Up or any similar topic only for you Order Now An integrated framework with TCO, Lean, and Six Sigma can maximize Argon’s goals after evaluation of his goals, challenges, and application of the present day tools. New Tools Technological and operations management theory developments over the sat three decades provided new tools to Ergo if he faces his choices and priorities today. The most prominent of these are Lean operations, Six-sigma, internet, and various other software tools for operations management effectiveness. ) Lean Operations: Lean operations theory focuses on smooth flow by removing the mud, a Japanese term for waste in the operations processes. Sources of waste are (GAG, 2009): over production, waiting, transportation, inventory, motion, over-processing defects, and not leveraging creativity of the employees. The five principles of Lean thin king are Woman Jones, 1 996): Specify value from customer point of view, identify steps in the value stream, create smooth flow, customer pulls value, and pursue perfec tion. Thorough understanding and identification of the various wastes in the operations process can help Ergo to target improvement initiatives. B) Six-sigma: The main objective of Six-sigma DYNAMIC (Define- Measure-Analyze-lampooner-Control) methodology is improving processes and quality through reduction of defects to the extent of 3. 4 defects per million, reduce cycle time, increase throughput, and increase customer satisfaction by educing variation in products and processes, thus giving an organization a competitive advantage (GAG, 2009). Jack Welch emphasizes by calling variation as â€Å"evil† (III, 2014). â€Å"The methodology looks at a statistical number to determine whether or not to make a change in a company manufacturing process† (Stephen, 2009). Availability of Six-sigma methodologies would have helped Alex increase throughput while improving the quality and reducing variation in the products and processes. C) Internet and Software: Internet provided many tools for the operations manager over the past two decades. These tools increased efficiencies of the production processes by finding the information in minutes, tracking people, and running complex operations management software on the internet. They range from communications and search engine tools, to the more recent cloud based hosted MM applications on the internet such as customer relationship management SW such as Salesrooms etc. Sophisticated software packages and simulation tools also include enterprise resource planning (ERP) which is an evolved version Of the material resource planning (MR.) that include other departments such as insane and order management packages. These tools would have helped Ergo to find Joana quickly, communicate with him on Keep, and conduct net meetings with divisional headquarters, track inventory and customer orders with ERP rather than the archaic homegrown information system. D) New MM Techniques: There are several new operations management techniques such as just-in-time (KIT) partnership with suppliers, Toyota production system (T AS), total quality management (TXT), supply chain management (SCM), and total productive maintenance (TAMP). . KIT focuses on continuous improvement through continuous and forced problem solving via focus on increasing through put and red icing inventory. KIT partnership between suppliers and purchasers reduce waste and drive down costs by removing unnecessary activities, in-plant and in-transit inventory, improve quality and reliability (Hazier Render, 201 1). Ii. T AS three core components are continuous improvement, respect for people, and standard work practice (Hazier Render, 201 1) . Iii. Although KIT and Six-sigma are key components of the TXT, TXT provides other concepts and tools such as continuous improvement, employee empowerment, bench marking, Attaching concepts, and TXT tools to generate ideas (check sheets, scatter diagram, and cause- and-effect diagram), organizing data (Parent chart and flow chart), and identifying problems (histograms and statistical process control charts) (Hazier Render, 201 1). Iv. The objective of SCM is to build a sequence of suppliers that focuses on maximizing value to the end customer (Hazier and Render, 2011). SCM process technique takes an integrated approach to procuring, producing, and delivering products and services to customers, veering the management of material, information and financial flows (Venerates, Hachure, Caulker, 2007). V. TAMP is a manufacturing program designed primarily to maximize equipment life effectiveness through the participation and motivation of the entire work force (Ca, McKeon Schroeder, 2001 Alex could make good use of these new MM techniques to increase effectiveness of his operations. Argon’s Goals and New Tools The goal of any organization in general is to make money. Joana asks Ergo to change his plant measurements to the following measurements that express the goal of making money in a different way. These measurements are throughput, inventory, and operational expense. According to The Goal, definition of throughput is the rate at which the system generates money through sales. Inventory is all the money that the system has invested in purchasing things which the organization intends to sell, and operational expense is all the money the system spends in order to turn inventory into throughput. Then that the real goal of an organization is to increase throughput while simultaneously reducing both inventory and operating expense. Joana introduces Ergo to the TCO to help him achieve his goals and loving problems in his plant in terms of the measurements that express the goal of making money. TCO approach includes the following five steps to improve the plant performance: C] Step 1. Identify the system’s constraint(s) C] Step 2. Decide how to exploit the system’s constraint(s) C] Step 3. Subordinate everything else to exploit the constraint(s) CLC Step 4. Elevate the system’s constraint(s) 0 Step 5. If in the previous steps, a constraint has been broken, go back to step 1, but do not allow inertia to cause a system’s constraint. TCO primarily focuses on increasing throughput. When the current system constraint or bottleneck is resolved, a new system constraint is then identified creating a continuous cycle, which drives performance improvement forever. Because of this continuous improvement and focus on throughput, Argon’s goal will remain the same in light Of the availability of the new tools. Several Of the new tools from these modern concepts can be applied to solve or improve the challenges faced by Ergo in the 1 ass’s. New Tools Application to Ale’s Challenges Ergo can bring several of the new tools to the challenges he faced at Unaware in the 1 9805. Some of these tools to improve the goals are: a) Lean production ass checklist: sort/segregate, simplify/straighten, shine/sweep, standardize, and sustain/self-discipline. This will help to address waste. B) pull system: This is a standard tool in KIT system to increase throughput and it is used with both suppliers and within the immediate production process (Hazier Render, 201 1). Pulling the needed materials through the system in very small lots eliminates waste and inventory. C) Continuous Improvement: As a core component of T AS, continuous improvement builds an organization ultra that processes can be improved and that improvement is part of every employee’s responsibility (Hazier Render, 201 1 Kamikaze is the formal process for this component believing that perfection is achieved through many incremental changes. Operations manager plays a key role in building kamikaze culture. ) Respecting and empowering people: TIPS empowers employees to stop process or machines when quality problems surface. TIPS respects employees by empowering them to enrich their jobs and lives. E) Scheduling: KIT scheduling tactics include communicate schedules to appliers, eliminate waste, produce in small lots, use Kansas, and make each operation produce perfect part. F) Inventory Management Systems: Ergo can establish these systems using BBC classification of all types o f inventory and maintaining accurate records of the inventory. G) Forecasting: Forecasting demand has been a challenge for Ergo. He can make use of qualitative methods such as Delphi method as well as qualitative methods such as time- series forecasting to predict the demand. Demand forecasts impacts plant capacity, human resources, and SCM (Hazier Render, 201 1). Integrated Framework of TCO, Lean, and Six-Sigma Ergo and his team had to work with long established archaic management processes in the sass’s setting. If The Goal were set in 2014, Ergo and his team would likely find management more willing to embark on a process of ongoing improvement including the new methodologies such as Lean and Six-sigma. However, these methodologies are not competing strategies, as each has significant value and applied differently with an integrated framework comprising of TCO, Lean, and Six-sigma. Ergo can make use of this integrated framework to maximize his goals. The integrated framework uses the synergy of TCO, Lean, and Six-Sigma to consistently achieve a concentrated system improvement beyond what might be accomplished by applying each method individually with a traditional continuous process improvement approach. The most efficient way to integrate TCO, Lean, and Six-Sigma starts with strategy as a first step (GAG, 2009). The strategy provides the strategic roadman to improve business performance. The strategic roadman provides the direction for the areas of the organization that maximizes benefit for the total system by applying improvements first. This continuous business success framework has two major parts: the constraint based system architecture and the TCO-Lean-Six-Sigma based continuous improvement architecture. A) Strategy- the output of a good strategy is a clear, agreed upon, roadman to improve business results. The focus is on optimizing the performance of the total system versus improving the individual functions in isolation. B) Design: This step determines the correct alignment of the business processes including changing any policies, measurements, roles and responsibilities, and information systems. C) Activate: During this step, the newly defined business processes are implemented. D) Improve: Improvements are evaluated based on their ability to increase throughput, and to reduce inventory and operating expense and improve overall system performance. Jacob, Berglund Cox 2009). Key performance indicators (Kepi’s) are used to identify gaps between present and desired performance levels. Some useful improve techniques include AS system, TAMP, point of use storage (POLIS), Mistake proofing (Poke yoke), SSP, Capability Studies, Design of Experiments, etc. E) Sustain: As for the last step, Ergo should continuously review key measurement results to assess, address and institutionaliz e the policies, measurements and behaviors to guarantee that the results are sustained and do not degrade. Ergo can utilize the full integration of TCO, Lean and Six Sigma in order to obtain focused system improvement that achieves real, sustainable breakthrough performance. Although internet and internet based tools and sophisticated software packages certainly improve Argon’s operations, they will not have direct impact on the choices and priorities that Ergo has focused. With respect to the other lolls to help Ergo, the principles and techniques of KIT can be shifted to an entire SCM to strengthen Argon’s SCM strategy in pursuit of improved organizational performance. 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The World Trade Organization Role in the World of Trade

Introduction Trade and all the operations that surround trade are governed by set regulations both locally and internationally. Trade is a key area in the economy of nations and makes immense contributions to the growth of nations. There are several organizations that govern the dimensions and the nature of trade worldwide and regionally. These organizations are healthy for the sustainability of trade in the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The World Trade Organization Role in the World of Trade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of these organizations are the world trade organization and the regional trade agreements. They work to push for considerable reductions in the trade tariffs and subsidies. They are also good tools of securing improved export opportunities for the producers. The world trade organization is a market mover in the world of trade. It is the major firm that supervises and liberalizes trade worldwide. Through the world trade organization, many agreements have been formed and made to stabilize the field of trade. The trade organization has been highly involved in conflict resolutions processes and helping the member countries to adhere to the agreement rules. In this highly competitive trade era, there has been a rapid growth of regionally oriented trade agreements which has contributed to the weakening of the multilateral trading systems. The trade agreements are a pertinent part of the world trade organization but they can strengthen trade or at times break the already built up pillars of trade. Globalization, neoliberalism, free trade and open markets are criticized at a very high rate. In the global market big economies are shaping trade and their interests rule the market. The politically and the economically stable nations are dominating the market trends which simply dictates their interest. How WTO relate with the regional trade organizations Regional tra de agreements are a segment of the international trade and a key feature of multilateral trading systems that presents the members of the world trade organization with opportunities and challenges. They promote free trade at the regional level helping implement reforms domestically. This helps lesser economies to wheedle aggressive environments, by addressing factors affecting production, which helps them to embrace competition at a suitable pace thus incorporating the amalgamation to the world economy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The growth of the regional trade agreements heaves a concern about the declining power of the multilateral trading system. In the European countries, they are mainly pivoted on the European Union. These agreements are deeply rooted in the domestic regions and their coverage is immense. They have extended to the service industry. Regional trade agreements open up a freedom in competition in the international market. They help build up complex set of connections and regulatory regimes which focus on the trade policies. There have been some points in the RTAs some disagreement has been depicted in elucidation of some elements pertaining to their procedures with the WTO. But over time they have made up agreements on the procedures to apply to their members. For example, streamlining the examination processes by the WTO which was solved through the creation of the committee of regional trade agreements The RTA operates under the guidance of regulations and tariffs which are upheld regionally. They are maintained for substantial commerce in the regions. RTAs are the mediums for promoting deeper incorporation in their economies than is presently through the WTO. It has become hard to scrutinize the consistency of RTA with WTO due to the divergence of the trade agreements. Though this is not the only problem, there has been a pre ssure for them to clarify the rules for multilateral negotiations to put a clear line of rules. The RTA builds the base for the WTO agreements with more comprehensive discipline. They assist strongly in the reinstatement of trade roles and solving the global economic predicaments which enhance economic growth and development. The agreements are generally introduced so as to deal with the issues that revolve around trade and investment. They therefore resolve the crisis in these areas where they also closely identify areas for on capacity building.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The World Trade Organization Role in the World of Trade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nature and characteristics of RTAs Traders in economies where they operate without government interventions, they are often forced to form policies that govern their businesses. These policies are commonly referred to as free trade agreements. The po licy authorizes mutual gains from the trade. These policies make easier communication of the true supply and demand leading to effective resource allocation. According to the Office of the United States Trade Representatives (2010, 1), the trade agreements have continually become complex in that they are not only opening up free trade within the signatory countries but they have shaped both international trade and investments flows within their localities or regions. They are affecting the large regions they are located in for example Asian Pacific regions. The trade agreements have had major implications to the political, social and economic status in the local and domestic levels. Comparing with the coverage of the earlier agreements the RTAs have expansive coverage. The coverage is approximately 100 percent, even though it has been challenged in the field of agriculture. Under the examination of world trade organization the RTAs, in the industrial sector there is full coverage wh ile in agriculture it is selective coverage. Another characteristic of the trade agreements is that they eliminate or reduce exercise duties charged to the member countries while trading with each other. They have offered coverage of investments, intellectual property, and deal with technical barriers to trade. The agreements deal with quantitative restrictions (Dent, 2010). RTAs use the synchronization and elimination of trade procedural barriers to help its members accomplish economies of scales and help them gain a competitive edge internationally. The most imperative one is the ability of establishing a common single market in the region of existence. The RTA help simplifies the rules set for the third world countries which are a great advantage to them. Though the harmonization of standards has not ventured well in the international level, it has been effective to the regional agreements. These harmonization yields sunshine internally in that they lead to gains internally but y ield undesirable effects on the third parties.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In comparison to the unsuccessful trade agreements of the 19th century the modern RTA‘s operations are more widespread and established better. They have been designed specifically to achieve trade diversions. In consequence trade within the RTA has extensively been enhanced and developed in a rapid rate than trade from the non-members. There has been more than 2 percent a growth difference between the member nations and the non-members. Though trade agreements have to some extent promoted growth of trade within the members’ states; we cannot be ignorant that some regional trade agreements have led to the breakdown of the trade in these regions. Some states have taken an advantage of dominating the market using regional trade agreements to limit markets for their commodities. The whole quintessence of regional growth by the RTAs deflects the attention from multilateral trading systems. According to the views of Lawrence (1999) liberalizations brought forth by the regiona l free trade agreements, enhance and strengthen the hand of export and pro-trade forces. They are an open opportunity for the countries joining the multilateral trading systems have to compete among themselves. According to Allan Winters, RTAs are likened to street gangs which most of us don’t like but they are allover in our neighborhood. He also says that the models been applied in the regional free trade agreements have not been clearly determined where they encourage or discourage the evolution towards free trade. In his view the regionalism increases the risks of upheaval of trading systems. The free trade agreements have enable the nations enjoy good environment, social and economic health. This is mainly as a result of effort to make trade good for the advantage of the countries economy. To make business run well among the signatory countries the governments of those countries make sure the infrastructure with the nations are good. This improves the living standards of the people and opens up opportunities for them hence they are able to improve their living standards. The trade agreements have changed from regional to preferential agreements within the years. This is because countries have signed them with the nations they would like to interact with in business. This makes other nation end up been locked out of the deals and the have to labor hard in order to trade with some of these nations (Khor, 2005). The bilateral agreements are said and thought to lead to trade diversions. This is where by the partner divert away products that may be more cheaply priced in favor of products from their partner. They therefore sell their goods at a lower price than expected to gain favor with the partners or they end up been inefficient. The trade agreements between the developing nations lead to low bargaining capacity of the economies which ends up to weaker political situations and negotiation of resources. The developing are able to work well on the bas is of non-reciprocity and thrive well in non- reciprocal outcomes n which they are obliged to open air markets (Dent, 2010). The RTAs have tried to lift up some of the policies and allow flexibilities. The inclusion of many policies puts a lot of pressure on financial resources in developing countries and requires a lot of technical expertise. Impact of Regional free trade agreements on WTO Regional trade agreements (RTAs) have grown at a high rate in the recent years. These trade agreements are aimed at reducing trade barriers within the member states in a given region. They are enacted in the belief that they will enhance economic growth and development among the member states. The increasing growth of regional trade and trade agreements has created interdependence between the trade partners (Khor, 2005, 1). The terms of trade within a given regional trade only favors the members of the agreements and discriminates the non members. This has great impact on the World Trade Organiza tion (WHO) whose aim is to enhance multilateral trade between nations. The Regional trade agreements attempts to increase trade efficiency through eliminating tariff barriers. WHO tries to liberalize international trade and its mandate is to ensure that there is fair trade between nations in the world. World Trade Organization is superior to the RTA but gives the member of the RTA a certain degree of autonomy. The members of the regional trade agreements are considered exceptional by the WHO. They are allowed to operate within the framework of the RTAs and may not be members of the WTO. The regional free trade agreements have also improved interdependence and trade between member countries. Countries come together and agree to eliminate trade tariffs between themselves in order to make trade efficient and more beneficial to them. This is meant to promote economic growth between the countries. There have been debates on whether Regional Free Trade Agreements (RFTA) promotes or underm ines the WTO processes in eliminating trade and investment barriers. The economies that come together to form RFTA argue that they are heading towards realizing global trade liberalization that is a major goal of WHO. It has not been made clear on how the RFTA complements WTO process and therefore the contribution of RFTA in WHO remains not fully unraveled. One of the principles of the WTO is to ensure there is non-discrimination in trade between the members. The members of WTO should be given equal treatment while trading with the other members because they operate under the same conditions. The same terms applied by one member to another member should be the same to all members. RFTA discriminates non members because they do not apply the same conditions to members and non members. This contradicts the stipulations of the WTO and therefore there is no complementation. Arguing in this direction, the RFTA are not headed towards assuring future multi-lateralization because they discr iminate against non members. Despite this argument, it seem that GATT/WTO rules allows the RFTA to be discriminatory in nature because they categorize them as exceptional because they have potential to discriminate against non members. Most economies are therefore claiming that RFTA are in keeping with the WTO. Non-discriminatory global free trade in this case is of great benefit to the trading partners as they enjoy the same tariffs for similar commodities. This shows that the superiority of WHO over RFTA is still in place (Viner, 1950, 12). There is a big challenge in using RFTA in the evaluation of the multilateral rules because the RFTA have varied rules and may not be unified with ease. If RFTA could be allowed to run without any external interference, they can boost investment, labor and environment but may not be the best ground to measure the effectiveness of WTO. The RFTA are mostly formed by likeminded economies and they are therefore effective regionally and domestically. Though RFTA may not directly meet the goals of WTO, they greatly develop the economies of the member counties. However, the same could be achieved through multilateral approach. The RFTA may make investments by the member countries inefficient especially where there is proliferation of FTAs in various regions (Krueger, 1997, 8). This creates many rules and regulations that are hard to unify and therefore the partners belonging to more than one RFTA are unable to make investment decisions. It may pose a challenge in identifying the rules, regulations and incentives that apply to a certain partner belonging to more than one trade pact. Proliferation of FTAs also causes a product to have different tariffs because the tariffs that apply in one region are different from the others (Schiff, 2000, 19). This causes confusion to the member states as they are not able to make decisions with ease especially if they belong to more than one trade treaty. The presence of differing rates for the same product is against the principle of WTO that there should not be any form of discrimination among trading partners. The prices of the same commodity will also bring conflict in the market because it will have different rates depending on the treaty that govern the country from which they are imported. This will greatly hinder the realization of the goals of the WTO in those regions. Proliferation of FTAs with different terms and rules of trade if not well regulated, it may cause a stagnation of multilateral liberalization which is the main goal of GATT/WTO. According to Rajan and colleagues (2001, 18), RFTAs emphasizes on integrating market operations for its member states in order to improve trade diversions and trade creation within the region covered. This creates new and competitive business environment that will increase productivity and also depreciates prices as appropriate in order to facilitate trade. RFTAs also try to include in their framework the agreements on tax a nd investments that help boost the realization of WTO goals. Financial markets are also integrated and product standards between member state s are harmonized in order to ensure effective trade. There also important issues like labor and environment that may not win immediate support from the WTO though they are important in multilateral trade liberalization (Findlay Pangestu, 2001, 17). Today’s RFTAs are very supportive to WTO and can be used as grounds for testing complex trade issues and trade negotiations at multilateral level. This is due to their diverse coverage that not only includes trade issues but also other issues affecting a large number of counties like the environmental issues. Since RFTAs are very effective at the regional levels, their operations can be made multilateral so that they can help in making international levels effective world wide. For the RFTAs to become fully consistent with the global Most Favored Nation trade that the WTO seeks to achieve. R FTAs can be made multilateral and discriminatory if the issues are discussed outside their framework. That is, WTO should continue pursuing liberalization and not concentrate much on RFTAs. In so doing, RFTAs will gradually be made multilateral and non discriminatory. Alternatively, measures can be put in place within RFTAs that will enable them to become multilateral. Some of these measures should include allowing automatic membership (Sager, 1997, 341). Any country that wishes to join RFTAs should be allowed to join on the same terms as the members that joined during the formation of those RFTAs. There have been restrictions on who should join RFTAs and this has created discrimination that is against the stipulations of WTO. If such restrictions could be eliminated, most of the countries that could not join at the current terms will be able to join and benefit as the other countries (Bhagwati, 1995, 23). Pursuing global multilateral trade should also be one of their core goals. Th is will make them consistent with the WTO both in the long run and short run. This will also help eliminate the barriers to trade and investments that are pursued by the world trade organization. Conclusion Trade in any country is important because it allows people to acquire goods that they do not produce and sell what they produce. This enhances interdependence between countries and regions. In the increasing need for countries to trade with one another has lead to the establishments of trade agreements in order to ensure there is fair trade between nations. World Trade Organization was formed in order to ensure that there is fair trade between nations and that nations acquire economic growth and development through trade with each other. Nations have also come together to form regional trade blocs which are regulated through regional trade agreements. Mostly the members of regional trade agreements have common economic interests and establish laws and regulations that govern trad e between their member states. One of the major characteristics of regional trade agreements that have raised issues in the international trade is their discriminative nature (Steinberg, 2002, 341). They charge different trade tariffs to non members which to some extent are against world trade organization stipulations. The members of regional trade organizations have eliminated trade barriers among themselves in order to come up with what they call Regional Free Trade Agreements (RFTAs). These agreements due to their discriminative nature may not necessarily be in keeping with the WTO. WTO categorizes RFTAs as exceptional to avoid the contradiction brought about by their discriminative nature. Reference List Bhagwati, J., 1995. U.S. Trade Policy: The Infatuation with Free Trade Areas in the Dangerous Drift to Preferential Trade Agreements. Washington, D.C.: AEI Press. Dent, C., 2010. Free Trade Agreements in East Asia and the Asia-Pacific. East Asia: wreak.org. Web. Findlay, C. Pa ngestu, M., 2001. Regional Trade Arrangements in East Asia: Where are they taking us? Bangkok: Trade Policy Forum, PECC/APEC. Khor, M., 2005. Bilateral/Regional Free Trade Agreements: An Outline of Elements, Nature and Development Implications. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Office of the United States Trade Representatives. 2010. Trade Agreements. USA: USTR. Available at:Â  https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements . Rajan, R., Sen, R. . Siregar, R., 2001. Singapore and Free Trade Agreements: Economic Relations with Japan and the United States. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Sager, M., 1997. Regional Trade Agreements: Their Role and the Economic Impact on Trade Flows, World Economy, 20, 239-52. Schiff, M., 2000. Trade Blocs. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Steinberg, R.H., 2002. In the Shadow of Law or Power? Consensus-based Bargaining and Outcomes in the GATT/WTO., International Organization. Spring 2002. pp. 339-374. This essay on The World Trade Organization Role in the World of Trade was written and submitted by user Eliseo Mcgowan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

2015 SAT Scores By State

2015 SAT Scores By State    Approximately 1.7 million students took the SAT in 2015 and the test scores varied greatly according to things like gender, ethnicity and even household income. (If you want to see that report, you can check it out here.) Its interesting, however, to see how students fared on the SAT according to their home state. The data below represents how students fared on the exam in  your  neck of the woods.   SAT Score Note Currently, the  Redesigned SAT uses a scale with a high of 1600. There are two chief areas that receive a score out of 800: Math and Evidence-Based Reading and Writing. Those two scores are added to get the total.   Please keep in mind that the scores reported in 2015 (those below) are based on the former SAT scoring scale, which had an absolute maximum of 2400. The former test added the Writing, Mathematics and Critical Reading sections, which had maximum scores of 800, to achieve a total score out of 2400. The national average in 2015 was a 1497, so as you can see, many states outperformed the average by significant numbers. Overall:  1497Critical Reading:  495Mathematics:  511Writing:  484 2015 SAT Scores By State State Average SAT Score Out of 2400 Critial Reading Score Mathematics Score Writing Score Alabama 1616 545 538 533 Alaska 1494 509 503 482 Arizona 1552 523 527 502 Arkansas 1688 568 569 551 California 1492 495 506 491 Colorado 1736 582 587 567 Connecticut 1514 504 506 504 Delaware 1368 462 461 445 District of Columbia 1313 441 440 432 Florida 1434 486 480 468 Georgia 1450 490 485 475 Hawaii 1472 487 508 477 Idaho 1372 467 463 442 Illinois 1802 599 616 587 Indiana 1473 496 499 478 Iowa 1755 589 600 566 Kansas 1748 588 592 568 Kentucky 1749 588 587 574 Louisiana 1675 563 559 563 Maine 1392 468 473 451 Maryland 1462 491 493 478 Massachusetts 1552 516 529 507 Michigan 1788 594 609 585 Minnesota 1778 595 607 576 Mississippi 1713 580 563 570 Missouri 1777 596 599 582 Montana 1655 561 556 538 Nebraska 1755 589 590 576 Nevada 1458 494 494 470 New Hampshire 1566 525 530 511 New Jersey 1520 500 521 499 New Mexico 1623 551 544 528 New York 1469 489 502 478 North Carolina 1478 498 504 476 North Dakota 1791 597 608 586 Ohio 1657 557 563 537 Oklahoma 1693 576 569 548 Oregon 1546 523 521 502 Pennsylvania 1485 499 504 482 Rhode Island 1472 494 494 484 South Carolina 1442 488 487 467 South Dakota 1753 592 597 564 Tennessee 1723 581 574 568 Texas 1410 470 486 454 Utah 1708 579 575 554 Vermont 1554 523 524 507 Virginia 1533 518 516 499 Washington 1496 502 510 484 West Virginia 1501 509 497 495 Wisconsin 1771 591 605 575 Wyoming 1737 589 586 562    Should You Take the SAT?   If your SAT scores were significantly lower than those reported by your fellow test-takers, perhaps it would have been better for you take the ACT exam. Although they are both college admissions tests, they differ greatly in both the content, and strategies you should use while studying and taking the tests. Heres a simple, ten-question quiz to help you determine whether or not you may fare better on one or the other.   How to Prepare for the SAT So, you took the quiz and realize that you did, indeed, take the correct college admissions exam. The bad news? You did not adequately prepare for this bad boy, so you did not get the SAT scores that you were really hoping to achieve. Well, here is some good news for you. A little bit of prep work goes a very long way when it comes to SAT prep, and you can choose a variety of ways to get ready. Here are a few of the best ways to get studying so that next time around, you do not get a bad SAT score. The Best SAT BooksSAT Tutoring OptionsSAT Apps Worth The DownloadFree SAT Practice Tests

Start Learning Spanish With Basic Lessons

Start Learning Spanish With Basic Lessons Spanish is one of the most-used languages in the world. Its also one that is relatively easy for English speakers to master. There are many reasons why you might want to learn Spanish. Maybe youre studying the language at school or planning a trip to a Spanish-speaking country. Whatever it may be, there are a number of basics that will help you get started. The Spanish Alphabet Words are made up of letters, so its only logical that you begin by learning the Spanish alphabet. Its very similar to English, with a few exceptions, and there are some special pronunciations youll need to know. Many languages- Spanish included- use stress and accent marks to guide pronunciation. Since English is one of the few that doesnt, this can be one of the more challenging aspects of learning Spanish. Words and Phrases for Beginners Rather than dive right into the finer points of Spanish grammar, lets start with some basic vocabulary lessons. By learning simple things like the words for various colors and family members, you can feel a little sense of achievement right from the start. Greetings are among the first lessons in any Spanish class. When you can say hola, gracias, and buenos dias, you have a great start to any conversation. Likewise, if your ultimate goal is simple conversations to use on vacation, you may need a few common phrases. Asking for directions, for instance, can be very important for your travels. You might also need to read or ask for the time to keep your itinerary on track. Its not a bad idea to give the four seasons a quick study, either. Working With Nouns in Spanish Two rules stand out when using Spanish nouns. The most unique to English speakers are the masculine and feminine forms. Every Spanish noun has an inherent gender assigned to it, even if the subject is of the other gender. Quite often, the feminine will end with an -a  and will use the articles  una, la, or las  rather than the masculine  un, el, or los. The other rule of Spanish nouns comes into play when we are using the plural form. This tells you when to add an  -es  and when you can simply attach as  -s to the noun. Further, the adjectives attached to the nouns must agree with either the singular or plural form. Spanish Pronouns Are Important Subject pronouns include words like  I, you,  and  we, which we use all the time to form sentences. In Spanish, subject pronouns are  yo, tà º,  Ãƒ ©l, ella,  etc. Theyre used quite often to replace the subject of the sentence, but there are a few things you need to remember. For instance, Spanish has both a formal and informal version of  you. With someone youre familiar with, you can use  tà º,  but formally its proper to use  usted. In addition, there are certain times when its okay to omit the pronoun. Essential Spanish Grammar Other basic parts of Spanish grammar have their own rules that youll want to study. Verbs, for example, need to be conjugated to match the past, present, or future tense of the sentence. This can be difficult for students, but it is similar to adding the  -ed  and -ing  endings in English. Muy  means  very  and  nunca  means  never  in Spanish. These are just two  of the many adverbs you can use to explain what something is like and add emphasis. Adjectives in Spanish can be a little tricky. Many times, these descriptive words are placed before a noun, but there are other circumstances when they come after it. For example,  the red car  is  el coche rojo, with  rojo  being the adjective that describes the noun. One other very important part of speech is the preposition. These are short connective words like  in, to,  and  under. In Spanish, they are used much like they are in English, so learning prepositions is often a simple matter of studying the new words.

ASSIGNMENT ( The judiciary as a referee ) Essay

ASSIGNMENT ( The judiciary as a referee ) - Essay Example It plays the role of a neutral arbiter, or a referee in any dispute before it, by applying the law as it is to the facts before it. The judiciary is vested with the powers to interpret the law. The Supreme Court is the court of last resort as far as interpretation of the law is concerned. The duty of the court is to interpret the statute law from parliament, to affect the purpose and intention of the parliament. The judiciary cannot make law. If the parliament is not satisfied with the way the court interprets the law, it can make law to quash the court’s interpretation. As a referee, it is the judiciary’s role to determine who should do what, or which state of affairs should prevail in any dispute that is presented before it, that is, it makes decisions. In essence, it arbitrates disputes that arise over facts and law. In doing so, the judiciary should apply the law, and should not let the personal opinion of individual judges or their bias to influence the outcome of the court. Everyone should be treated equally before the law, and it should act without fear or favour. The New Zealand legal system is an adversarial one and, therefore, the judge’s duty is just to hear cases presented by both sides, and plays minimal role as far as evidence adducing is concerned. To add, they should not make law or policy that should be a reserve of the parliament. ... In doing so, the court can never question the validity of the Acts that have been passed by parliament. The court has jurisdiction to look into administrative decisions of public officials to ensure that they observe the law. The courts role is to ensure that the public officers execute their mandate in good faith, without malice, and pursuant to the law. In R v Somerset County Council, ex parte Fewings [1995] 1 All ER 513, 524, stated that any action taken by a public official must be justified by a positive law. The court also has a duty to enforce and uphold personal liberty and human rights that are enshrined in the law: to wit the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 and the Magna Carta 1215, which still applies in New Zealand. Therefore, it is the courts duty to enforce human rights and to prevent the government from abrogating human rights. In Attorney General V Chapman [2011] NZSC 110, the court held that the bill of rights does not apply to the judges in discharge of their du ties. It relied on the common law protections under the judicial immunity to render New Zealand Bill of Rights’ remedies available for breach of rights by the New Zealand judges nugatory. Nevertheless, the judiciary, as a referee, it should not make laws. In essence it does, through the doctrine of precedence. For instance, the court in Fitzgerald v Muldoon [1976] 2 NZLR 615), made a decision that is considered to be part of the constitutional law. In this case, the court held that the Prime Minister had no powers to suspend law. He stated that sentiments made by the Prime Minister to that effect were contrary to the bills of right of 1688 that prohibited public authorities from suspending the law.

Virtue Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Virtue Ethics - Essay Example (Maria 16) The people that have this kind of virtue based ethics tend to ask the major question on which action to choose when they are faced by a dilemma where a basically moral decision has to be taken. The theory also tends to train people on how to overcome the vices such as that of greed or even unnecessary anger that may stand in the way and stop someone from being a good person. The theory of virtue ethics has been in the background of all forms of discussions whereby they have been given a low profile when people meet to discuss issues of morality and the theories involved. In western philosophy, the ancient Greek thinkers had the thought that this kind of ethics was the oldest in terms of time. According to Aristotle, who dealt with the issue of virtue ethics in detail, when a person acquires forms of good habits, then such a person has the ability to regulate emotions and reason in instances that require rationality. Aristotle, therefore, points out to the idea that such un derstanding can help people make decisions that are morally correct when they are face with situations of difficulties. (Maggio 28) The major reason as to why virtue ethics can be said to remain popular and relevant is because it makes a major contribution that would enable us get to understand morality in depth. The discussion also talks majorly of the kind of role played by motives in the whole agenda of morality. Certain forms of virtues remain relevant as they are quite necessary for the actual accommodation of acceptable moral decisions thereby making it rather necessary for the moral decisions to engage correct motives so as to get more desirable end results of the ethical appreciation. Moral decisions are further scrutinized and it is discovered that moral theories do not rely heavily on motives so as to be able play a vital role in the evaluation of our moral decisions. (Maria 19) Correct motivations should be, therefore, encouraged so as to facilitate the evaluation of mora l education that the young people are taken through. The practitioners of this understanding point out the importance of selecting the desire of achieving a certain outcome then keep up with the need to accomplish the said goals by the kinds of actions that can make it acceptable when fully scrutinized. It is also important to note that the other reason why the theories under virtue ethics are prone to be more attractive as compared to the other theories is the idea that most of the other theories have the common way of facing difficulties and challenges that come as a result of calculations that are conducted under moral understanding as well as further problems that arise as a result of the lack of knowledge on the kinds of actions to accompany which kinds of moral duties that have to be emphasized. Theories under virtue ethics point out the understanding that once we are successful in selecting the type of person we want to be, it is possible that arriving at decisions that are m orally acceptable will most obviously come out naturally. Virtue ethics has the tendency of making individuals dig deep into their thoughts to establish the sort of people we want to be, the virtues that are expected of the persons we are trying so hard to be, the kinds of actions that will make us as individuals cultivate the kinds of actions that virtue ethics require us to have if we are to be successful in becoming the people we want to

Physics of Electric Guitars :: physics music guitar

Electric guitars play a very important role in today's music. Without it, we would be stuck with the acoustic guitar, which has limited volume, and a narrow range of sounds it can produce. Understanding just exactly how the electric guitar works isn't as intuitive as with the acoustic. With this website, I attempt to brighten the knowledge people have on the physics behind the electric guitar, since one cannot appreciate something, truly, until he knows how it works. The Acoustic guitar, originating from Spain, has been around since the 1500s. It wasn't till the 1920's with the advent of swing and big band music that musicians needed louder instruments. The acoustic guitar, even with steel strings, was simply too quiet. At this time, Los Angeles musicians, George Beauchamp and John Dopyera started working on figuring out how to make the acoustic guitar louder. After a few failures, Dopyera came up with the idea to put aluminum disks onto the body of the acoustic guitar. These disks would then resonate and increase the volume about 3 to 5 times. In 1927, the two founded the National String Instrument Co., which patented this resonator design. Due to internal problems, Dopyera fired Beauchamp in 1930 and then eventually even sold the company, patenting the resonator with his brother under a new company named "Dobro". Beauchamp, a bit unhappy about being fired, set out to figure out a different way to increase the volume of the guitar. Even before, as early as 1925, he had been experimenting with phonograph needles and produced a single string electric guitar that would "pick up" the vibration in the string and turn it into sound. He then started experimenting with ways to pick-up the vibration of all 6 strings, each string seperately. After months of experimentation he and Paul Barth developed a working pick-up made of 2 horse-shoe magnets and 6 coils of wire with electric current running through them. With this new pick-up, Beauchamp had Harry Watson carve a body for his first electric guitar. They called this the "Frying Pan" due to its similar shape. This was the first guitar fitted with an electric pick-up. Around the same time, Llyod Loar, acoustical engineer for Gibson, had started marketing a new Spanish style acoustic electric guitar. Loar, famous for the mandolin, headed the subdivision of Gibson responsible for producing these guitars, named Vivi-Tone. This guitar actually failed, but had left the idea that acoustic guitars with electric pickups were the way to go for Gibson.

Hero Cycle from the Odyessy Essay

Homer’s Odyssey provides a clear illustration of Joseph Campbell’s hero cycle through the journeys and characterization of the protagonist Odysseus. The hero cycle is used in epics to describe the journey of the hero from bad to good. In The Odyssey, Odysseus is characterized as arrogant, and and his journey from hubris to humility. The hero cycle is a theme that epics follow. It starts off with a departure then goes to an initiation where they come to an end in their return. Odysseus’ test is to see help him heal hubris. He must learn self-control, and humbleness. He comes to a breaking point because of some of the tasks that he endures, he must overcome them to help him with his need for life change. They start off in a departure phase where Odysseus gets the notification from Menelaus and Agamemnon that he needs to leave their home for Troy even though he does not want to go. He had just had his son Telemachus and he wanted to be there for him. He realized that it was his duty and that he needed to go. Then, in the hero cycle there is usually a supernatural figure that helps them with materials or knowledge. This is a god, monster, superhero, ghost, or fairy tale creature. When Odysseus and his fleet leave and come to their first part of conflict during their journey. When he is on his way he gets his visit from Athena, goddess of wisdom. She is a strategist and often fights in wars. She came to Odysseus on his way to Troy with words for the wise. Then he encounters his first test. This is the battle between the Greeks and Trojans. He was able to survive the war. The Trojan War had lasted 10 years and finally it was over. This is only the beginning of his journey. The second step of the hero cycle is initiation. This is when the tests and climax happen. Odysseus endures many tests with creatures that test him externally and also internally. Along the way Odysseus gets aided by many supernatural beings. He would not be able to go survive without their assistance. After winning the Trojan War Odysseus decide to attack the island of the Ciccones where he lost a ton of me, about six men from every ship he had. This demonstrates a clear act of hubris and stupidity. Odysseus thought he was high and mighty for commanding some of the Greek army to their great victory. After leaving this island he went to the island of the lotus eaters which had his men not wanting to leave the island so he had to tie his men down to the boat. After the island of the lotus eaters Odysseus went to the island of the Cyclopes, where he met Polyphemus. This is a place where he shows that he shows clear acts of hubris. He tells the Cyclopes, after blinding him, that his name was Nohbody, which is very clever. When he and his ships were leaving he yelled to him his real name and guided Polyphemus who was throwing rocks at him with his voice. This was just plain stupid and arrogant. Polyphemus prayed to his father, Poseidon that Odysseus should never return to Ithaca. Following the visit to the Cyclopes was island of Aeolus. He is the keeper of winds. He gave Odysseus a bag of winds and told him to open it when he was close to ithaca. He told his crew to not open it but of course they did thinking he was cheating the crew and they were blown back to Aeolus. Then he goes to the island of the Laestrygonians and they kill the rest of his fleet except for his boat. They end up on Circes Island and his men get turned into animals. He gets them turned back with the help of Hermes words and him coaxing her. He gets the knowledge from Circe that he must go to Hades. He goes and talks to a bunch of people who tell him of his past and future. This is where Odysseus has a change of heart and learns that he must recover from hubris. This is the turning point of his life. When he leaves he goes past the sirens where he demonstrates some more hubris. He then encounters the Scylla, a 6 headed monster where it eats 6 of his men. After escaping him they ended up on Thrinikia where they were not allowed to eat any cattle on the island. They all did except Odysseus and when they set sail the boat got destroyed. This is a start on recovery. Finally Odysseus ends up on Ogygia with Calypso. This is where Odysseus spends seven years able to think about what to do and what to change. The final part of the cycle is the return. This part of the cycle is when Odysseus makes all of his changes in life that need to be made, then puts them to use. When at Ogygia, Calypso gets a visit from Hermes saying that he is able to leave. When he does, he journeys across the seas until he gets to the island of the Phaecians. When here he talks to Nausicaa who helps him see the king, her father, and get a ship for his trip to Ithaca. When he arrives on Ithaca he was told by Athena to be a beggar and not Odysseus. This way he is able to see what it is like without him. When he meets Telemachus for the first time he does not reveal his identity, showing self-control. After he does reveal his identity, he makes Telemachus promise that he will not tell Penelope. Odysseus thinks it would be a bad idea to storm back into the castle and demand his throne. This would mess up everything and would eventually cause a battle. Penelope decides that is time for a new husband so she tells all the suitors to string Odysseus bow and shoot it through 12 axes. No one could do it until the beggar tried, this is Odysseus. He then kills all of the suitors, starting with Alchinous. Penelope still could not believe it so she tests him and says that she will move her olive tree bed that he made for her outside of their room for him to sleep on. This is a symbol of their firm relationship and his throne. He stops her and explains to her that she can’t. Only then, does Penelope truly accept that that was Odysseus. The book ends leaving you with all of the suitor’s families are ok and they go through a settlement, the kingdom is back in order, and Telemachus has finally become a man. Joseph Campbell’s cycle is all about a hero’s journey from good to bad. In The Odyssey this is shown throughout the story and follows the cycle closely. At first Odysseus starts off with being arrogant when Polyphemus is throwing rocks after being blinded by Odysseus and Odysseus is yelling at him and taunting him which guides Polyphemus who is throwing rocks toward their ship. He then after visiting Hades and learning what he must do and how he needs to change his ways he has the option of hearing the sirens song while tied to the mast of the boat or he cannot hear the song and just keep his ears plugged. He of course, chooses to hear the song. Soon after that they are on the island of Thrinikia where he starts to listen and understand what he must do and he was specifically told not to eat any of the cattle on the island. He didn’t but his men did. He survived but his men didn’t. Then when arriving upon Ithaca instead of barging in and demanding his throne back, Odysseus was very humble and patient by acting as a beggar. This shows self-control and when everything is over; you look back at how Odysseus handled things and realize that he has recovered from hubris.

The Reefs of the Gulf of Mexico - 1430 Words

When you think of the Gulf of Mexico the first thing you don’t think of is coral reefs. You don’t even think of it as place to go surfing. If you ask a surfer what a reef is, they would probably say something that gets in my way while surfing. Reefs being either large or small, have grown for over thousands of years. The build-up of limestone or calcite have given way to magnificent structures that many marine animals call home (Science). Reefs are communities in the ocean where more than hundreds of different ocean species live (Moran). These reefs in the ocean become a community that live alongside each other which allows them to grow. Whether the reef is a place to live, find shelter or a place eat, the reefs of the Gulf of Mexico†¦show more content†¦Trawlers and fishing boats with large nets will skim the ocean bottom breaking up these coral and destroying them (F. Moretzsohn). The salt domes found here in the Gulf of Mexico are thought to be ten –fifteen thousand years old, which are the underlying structure of the East and West Flower Gardens. These reefs are similar to Caribbean reefs in that the fast growth rate of the hermatypic corals. Also like other reefs, rays, sharks, sea turtles and over 300 different invertebrates inhabit the reefs here in the Gulf of Mexico. Boulder star coral and brain coral are two main types of coral. The current from the south brings warm Caribbean water that moves through the gulf loop. It can move as far inland as Louisiana or parts of the loop break away to form eddies that bring animal larvae, plant spores that count for many of the Caribbean species found in the Gulf (Service, flowergarden.noaa.gov/about/natrualsetting.htm;#domes). Since the water temperature does cool during the winter month’s hermatypic coral do not survive close to the coastline in the Gulf of Mexico. The sandy ocean bottom is what impedes coral from growing in this ocean water as well. However, there are formations that have occurred that the coral have discovered. Salt Domes hundreds of year’s old and man-made structures from oil rigs and drilling platforms are artificial type reefs that help the coral sustain life in these waters. These corals make up the East and West Flower GardenShow MoreRelatedThe Gulf Of Mexico And America1170 Words   |  5 PagesThe Gulf of Mexico is a partially locked body of water surrounded by the North American continent (Gulf of Mexico, 2000). The gulf links five southern U.S states: Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas and six Mexican states: Tamaulipas, Vera Cruz, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatà ¡n, and Quintana Roo (Gulf of Mexico Facts, 2015). The gulf surrounds Cuba and connects t o the Atlantic Ocean. The Gulf of Mexico may just seem like another body of water, but that is far from the truth. This bodyRead MoreGulf Ecosystem Services And How They Serve Us1304 Words   |  6 PagesCara Greenberg IDS 3214 5472007 Mini Project 2 Gulf Ecosystem Services and How They Serve Us Coastal ecosystems are among the most productive on the planet, providing all of 70 percent of total global ecosystem services and housing 10 percent of the Earth’s total population (13 percent of its urban population) despite accounting for only 2 percent of the Earth’s land surface (Costanza 2011). Natural ecosystems offer a myriad of economic goods and services fundamental to human life includingRead MoreThe Effects Of Algal Blooms On Coral Reefs917 Words   |  4 Pageslive and feed in those coral reefs until they are big enough to survive the wide vast of the deep ocean. Warming temperatures are also a death sentence to many species of fish. When I was visiting Port Saint Joe, FL and it’s surrounding area, I noticed that at some places the tide was a tinted yellow, orange and red. 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More than 200 million gallons of crude oil was pumped into the Gulf of Mexico for a total of 87 days, making it the biggest oil spill in U.S. history. Imagine 200 million gallons of oil being pumped into the Gulf of Mexico for 87 days? There we tons of animals that were effected by the spill. The coastline was affected down the shore, 16,000 miles which also included Texas, Louisiana, MississippiRead MoreEssay about The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill1194 Words   |  5 Pages On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil rig, located in the Gulf of Mexico exploded killing 11 workers and injuring 17. The oil rig sank a day-and-a-half later. The spill was referred to as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, BP oil spill, Gulf of Mexico oil spill, and BP oil disaster. It was first said that little oil had actually leaked into the ocean but a little over a month later the estimate was 12,000-19,000 barrels of crude oil being leaked per day. Many attempts were made to stop theRead More Hurricane Andrew Essay595 Words   |  3 Pageswhen its eyewall passed over the extreme southwestern Florida coast. The first of two cycles of modest intensification commenced when the eye reached the Gulf of Mexico. Also, the hurricane continued to move at a relatively fast pace while its track gradually turned toward the west-northwest. When Andrew reached the north-central Gulf of Mexico, the high pressure system to its northeast weakened and a strong mid-latitude trough approached the area from the northwest. Steering currents began to changeRead MoreEssay On Oil Field1709 Words   |  7 Pagesdrilled producing 24,530 barrels of oil. In 1952 there were 2,065 wells producing a yearly total of 47,393,573 barrels and a total since 1948 of 139,529,521 barrels. From the El Abra Facies is the Golden Lane Platform is located on the eastern side of Mexico and occupies the Golden Lane Atoll. It lies beneath Neogene clastics on the Tampico Coastal Plain. It was formed in the Cretaceous Period, equivalent to the Woodbine sand of east Texas. The first oil was in 1908 due to the seepage nearby. ProductionRead MorePollution And Warming Of The Ocean1649 Words   |  7 Pagesand A fruitfly gene normally associated with hot, dry conditions has spread to populations living in traditionally cooler southern regions One species hit hard by global warming is the Orange Spotted Filefish. This fish lives in the shallow coral reefs and relies heavily on a constant ocean temperature (7 Species Hit Hard by Climate Change-Including One That s Already Extinct.).We also have already seen the extinction of some animals due to climate change. The Golden Toad, along with the Monteverde